Introduction to the Internet of Things, types of internet-connected devices, IoT device components, design considerations, interfacing between IoT devices and the physical world, hardware and software trade-offs, IoT simulators OpenWSN and Cooja, IoT and embedded system functionality, and using Big Data, Cloud, and Analytics.

APaaS, data management, middleware, device management, device hub/gateway, sensors, hardware/firmware, embedded devices NodeMCU and Netduino for C#, the IoT Stack Architecture, the various components and layers, the app, the data processing and platform, IoT OS likeContiki, FreeRTOS, and mbed, the edge and the connected thing or device.

The open source IoT platform was created using simple-to-use hardware and software, an Arduino physical board, libraries, an IDE, Arduino Shields, and various operations like heat and light sensing, GPS, UI display, Arduino programming in C, and controlling external devices using pins on the Arduino board.

Deploying various types of sensors and connecting them to the Arduino, reading inputs from various sources, producing an output, working with sensors, sensing and controlling the physical world, programming for this type of signal conversion, Arduino-specific shields, shields software libraries, and a real-time demonstration of the Arduino interface

Introduction to the Raspberry Pi, single-board computer, operating system, user interface, advanced networking, deployment of compute-intensive Internet of Things, setting up the Raspberry Pi environment, Python coding for the Raspberry Pi, deployment of a Python-based Integrated Development Environment, and tracing and debugging Python code.

Real-time demonstration of Raspberry Pi interfacing, introducing the various input and output devices, different protocols for information exchange, such as USB, HDMI, and Ethernet, controlling physical devices like motors, sensors, thermostats, and switches, converting analogue signals to digital signals, and vice versa.

The Internet of Things Sensors, the function they play in making IoT systems operate effectively, the variety of sensors available, including proximity, temperature, electric, mechanical, acoustics, and acceleration sensors, as well as smart sensors that can speed up analytics and communication in the current world.

The wide range of IoT communication and information exchange methodologies, such as Bluetooth, WiFi, Near Field Communication, Zigbee, Z-Wave, 5G and LoRA, Cellular, Thread, etc., enables the different communication protocols and interoperability between various devices for a seamless system, real-time demonstration of IoT communication.

Programming for the various IoT system components, creating an embedded system based on a microcontroller, building and extensively testing it, the various programming aspects of interacting with the physical world, system design, microcontrollers, and coming up with novel and inventive ways to solve a problem through coding are just a few examples.

Introduction to end-to-end security in IoT design, hack-resistant methods, data exchange and network security, software updates, error reporting, centrally deployed software and firmware, infrastructure for current and future needs, user updates, rolling updates,  security updates, separate security channel of regular updates, software testing,  third-party service testing, end-user testing initiatives, support and user engagement, edge processing, secure data management, collection and retention, legal and regulatory compliance.